AI Language Interaction and Technologies

From the study guide

AI Practice and Technologies Interacting with Humans and the Real World — Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • NLP enables machines to interpret, understand, and generate human language naturally.
  • Classical NLP pipeline: tokenization, morphology/POS tagging, syntax, semantics, pragmatics.
  • Word embeddings (static and contextual) represent words as vectors capturing meaning.
  • Transformersized NLP with parallel processing and self-attention.
  • Large Language Models (LLMs): BERT, GPT, T5, capable of understanding and generating language.
  • Practical tools: spaCy (fast, rule-based), Hugging Face (state-of-the-art neural models).
  • Responsible NLP: address bias, fairness, privacy, and energy consumption.
  • Challenges include ambiguity, context-dependence, and intent recognition.
  • Hierarchical flow: raw text → structured understanding → response or action.
  • Future trends: instruction tuning, retrieval augmentation, multilingual models, safety.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

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Practice quiz preview

1. What is the primary goal of natural language processing (NLP) in human–computer interaction?

2. Which step is NOT part of the classical NLP pipeline?

3. What is a key advantage of contextual embeddings like BERT and GPT over static embeddings such as Word2Vec?

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Flashcard preview

NLP — core task?

Extract meaning from human language

Classical NLP pipeline — step?

Tokenization, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

Word embeddings — type?

Vector representations capturing similarity

NLP — definition?

Enables machines to interpret and generate human language.

Transformers — key feature?

Parallel processing with self-attention mechanisms.

Large Language Models — examples?

BERT, GPT, T5.

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