What does a question tag repeat from its sentence?
The sentence’s auxiliary and subject pronoun.
Which tag follows an affirmative statement?
A negative tag.
Which tag follows a negative statement?
An affirmative tag.
What does the present simple present without the speaker’s comment?
Bare facts.
What kinds of statements can the present simple express?
General truths or characteristics.
What actions does the present simple describe as habitual?
Actions that are habitual or repeated.
What markers often accompany habitual present-simple actions?
Frequency markers such as “usually” or “every month.”
What structure does the present continuous use to present an action from an observer’s viewpoint?
Be + verb-ing.
What does the present continuous commonly focus on at the present moment?
An action in progress, often understood as temporary.
Which verb categories are poorly compatible with the present continuous?
Verbs of involuntary perception, mental activity, possession, appearance, and certain states.
How do questions with verbs other than “be” position the auxiliary and main verb?
Place the auxiliary before the subject and use the main verb’s base form.
How are questions formed with the verb “be”?
Invert “be” and the subject.
How do wh-questions differ from yes-no questions in purpose and opening?
Wh-questions seek unknown information and begin with an interrogative word; yes-no questions seek confirmation and begin with an auxiliary.
How are present-simple questions formed with verbs other than be?
Use do or does before the subject and the base verb after it.
How are past-simple questions formed with verbs other than be?
Use did before the subject and the base verb after it.
Which interrogative expressions are included in the course?
How, how old, where, who, whose, when, what time, what, which, why, what … for, how many, and how much.
Which noun type follows “how many” in English questions?
A plural countable noun.
Which noun type follows “how much” in English questions?
An uncountable noun.
What can “how much” ask about besides quantity?
Price.
How do regular verbs form the affirmative simple past at every person?
By adding -ed.
How is the ending of a regular simple-past verb pronounced after a base ending in [t] or [d]?
[ɪd].
What carries the past tense in simple-past negatives and questions?
Did carries the past tense, while the main verb stays in its base form.
When does the simple past describe an action?
When it has a specified past date or belongs to a fully finished period contrasted with the present.
How is the past continuous formed?
Was or were plus the verb in -ing form.
What happens to the final consonant in a consonant-vowel-consonant verb such as “sit” when adding -ing?
The final consonant is doubled, as in “sitting.”
What roles can a past-continuous action have in a sentence?
It can provide background or description, or be interrupted by a simple-past action.
Which subject relative pronoun is used for people?
Who.
Which subject relative pronouns can refer to inanimate antecedents?
Which or that.
Which object relative pronouns can refer to people?
Whom or that, or no pronoun.
Which object relative pronouns can refer to things?
Which or that, or no pronoun.
Which relative pronoun can follow a preposition in an object relative clause about things?
Which.
Where do subject pronouns occur in relation to the main verb?
Before the main verb.
Where can object pronouns occur in relation to a main verb or infinitive?
After the main verb or before an infinitive.
Where do reflexive pronouns occur in relation to certain verbs?
After certain verbs.
What follows possessive adjectives such as “my” and “your”?
A noun or gerund.
What does not follow possessive pronouns such as “mine” and “yours”?
A noun.
How can countable nouns take plural forms and numbers?
They can be pluralized and preceded directly by numbers.
How do uncountable nouns behave with plural forms and numbers?
They are not pluralized and do not take numbers directly.
Which quantifier pairs with countable plurals and uncountable nouns?
Use many with countable plurals and much with uncountable nouns.
Which quantifiers work with both countable and uncountable nouns?
A lot of, lots of, and plenty of work with both.
When is “some” commonly used in English statements?
In affirmative statements.
When is “any” commonly used in English?
In negative statements and questions asking whether something exists.
When can “some” appear in English questions?
When the speaker assumes something exists or makes an offer or request.
What verb form does “every” take in English?
A singular verb form.
Name one compound or expression formed with “every.”
Everything.
Which article is used with singular professions and nationalities?
The indefinite article a or an.
How is a versus an chosen before a word?
By whether the next word begins with a consonant or vowel sound.
When is the definite article the used to identify a noun?
When the situation or context identifies it.
Which noun numbers can the definite article the precede?
Singular or plural nouns.
How can the present simple narrate actions in live commentary?
It presents sudden actions as they happen.
What effect can the present simple create when narrating stories?
It can make stories livelier.
How does the present simple present future events on a schedule?
As objective scheduled events.
What future meaning can the present continuous express?
A personal plan or intention.
What happens to the auxiliary when the questioned word is the subject?
A wh-question has no auxiliary.
What happens to the auxiliary when the questioned word is the object?
A wh-question uses an auxiliary.
Which verbs does the course exclude from the past continuous?
State, preference, perception, and mental-activity verbs.
What does whose mark in a relative clause?
Possession, regardless of whether the antecedent is animate or inanimate.
Which relative adverb does the course use for a place antecedent?
Where.
Which relative adverbs does the course use for time and cause antecedents?
When for time and why for cause or reason.
Which quantifiers modify countable nouns, and what do they mean?
Few and a few modify countable nouns; few means little, while a few means some.
Which quantifiers modify uncountable nouns, and what do they mean?
Little and a little modify uncountable nouns; little means little, while a little means some.
Which listed nouns are already plural forms?
Men, women, and children.
Which listed nouns are uncountable?
Information, advice, and news.
Which English compounds belong to the some-, any-, and no- groups?
Something, anything, nothing; someone, anyone, no one; and somewhere, anywhere, nowhere.
What can affirmative “any” and its compounds mean?
No matter which, what, where, or when.
What does adding “else” to an “any” compound mean?
Other.
Which article pattern does the course give for meals, seasons, titles before proper names, and country names used alone?
Zero article.
Which country-name exception to zero article does the course mention?
The United States.
Answer 36 questions on English Grammar and U.S. History.
1. What kind of tag completes the sentence, “They are ready, ...?”
2. Which tag correctly completes “She hasn’t called, ...?”
Go over the full study guide for English Grammar and U.S. History.
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