Who has the right to access justice, regardless of personal circumstances?
Everyone.
Which judge must hear an access-to-justice case?
An independent and impartial judge.
What may remain ineffective without a strong enforcement framework?
Legal rights and duties.
What do sanctions provide and help ensure?
Authority and compliance with legal duties.
What distinguishes mediation from other ADR methods regarding control of the outcome?
The parties retain full control of the outcome.
What may a neutral conciliator do during conciliation?
Propose solutions.
What two jurisdictional orders exist in France?
The administrative order and the judicial order.
What determines material competence?
Statutory rules based on the nature of the case.
Which disputes fall under the French judicial court’s exclusive competence from 1 January 2020?
Family, citizenship, literary and artistic property, and real-estate cases, regardless of amount.
Which disputes fall under the French proximity court’s exclusive competence from 1 January 2020?
Consumer-credit cases, regardless of amount.
Answer 11 questions on Justice and Judicial Systems.
1. What protections are included in the right of access to justice when a case is heard?
2. A person with limited financial means and little formal education seeks to bring a legal case. Which principle applies?
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