Africa's land area?
Second-largest continent, ~30 million km².
Africa's population?
Over 1.4 billion people.
Equator — location?
Divides Africa into north and south.
Sahara Desert — feature?
Largest hot desert, arid and hot.
Tropical rainforests — location?
Mainly in the Congo Basin.
Savannas — ecosystems?
Grasslands with scattered trees, e.g., Serengeti.
Number of countries?
54 sovereign nations.
Ancient civilizations?
Egypt, Mali, Great Zimbabwe—trade and culture centers.
Colonial period?
19th-20th century European division and exploitation.
Independence movements?
Mid-20th century efforts for sovereignty.
Urbanization — trend?
Rapid city growth post-independence.
Development indicators?
GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality, HDI.
GDP per capita — role?
Measures average income, indicates wealth.
Life expectancy — significance?
Reflects healthcare and living conditions.
Literacy rate — importance?
Shows education levels and access.
Horn of Africa — countries?
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia.
Answer 8 questions on Africa's Development and Geography.
1. What is the Horn of Africa primarily defined as?
2. How do ancient civilizations in Africa differ from the colonial period according to the source?
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