European trade avoidance — reason?
Europeans sought direct routes to Asia to reduce Ottoman dependence.
Ottoman control — impact?
Restricted European access, increased costs, created barriers.
Alternative trade routes?
Maritime routes around Africa and across the Atlantic.
European conquests — regions?
Africa and the Americas.
Motivations for conquests?
Economic gain, religion, prestige.
Effects on indigenous peoples?
Demographic decline, cultural disruption.
Trading companies — example?
Dutch East India Company (VOC).
Role of trading companies?
Facilitated trade, colonization, territorial control.
Triangle Trade — regions involved?
Europe, Africa, Americas.
Goods in Triangle Trade?
Europe: manufactured goods; Africa: enslaved people; Americas: raw materials.
Time span of slave trade?
Approx. 1400s to 1850.
Purpose of transatlantic slave trade?
Supply labor for American colonies.
Estimated Africans transported?
12 to 12.8 million.
Slave capture methods?
Warfare, raids, kidnapping.
Slave living conditions?
Harsh, overcrowded, high mortality.
Swedish slave trade involvement?
Participated via colonies and trading posts like the Gold Coast.
European crises (1500-1800)?
Economic and social crises; led to reforms.
Reforms' effects?
Stabilized economies, modernized trade, social restructuring.
Answer 9 questions on European Expansion and Trade Dynamics.
1. What does 'European Trade Avoidance' refer to?
2. In which year did Christopher Columbus famously reach the Americas, marking a significant event in European conquests?
Go over the full study guide for European Expansion and Trade Dynamics.
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