European History from Renaissance to Modern

From the study guide

European History Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • Renaissance: revival of classical learning, humanism, artistic achievements (14th-17th centuries).
  • Reformation: religiousaval initiated by Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1517), leading to Protestantism.
  • Scientific Revolution: heliocentric model by Copernicus, Galileo’s telescopic discoveries, scientific method development.
  • Enlightenment: emphasis on reason, individual, social contract; key philosophers include Locke and Rousseau.
  • French Revolution: 1789 start, causes include inequality and debt; phases: moderate, radical, Napoleonic; outcomes include end of monarchy.
  • Industrial Revolution: began in Britain, late 18th century; mechanization of textiles, urbanization, social impacts.
  • 19th-century nationalism: unification of Italy (1861) and Germany (1871), decline of empires.
  • Imperialism: motives include economic gain, strategic advantage; Scramble for Africa, colonial rivalries.
  • World War I: 1914-1918; causes include militarism, alliances, assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.
  • Treaty of Versailles: 1919; imposed reparations on Germany, redrew borders, sowed seeds for WWII.
  • World War II: 1939-1945; caused by expansionism, fascism; Holocaust, global destruction.
  • Cold War: 1947-1991; ideological conflict, nuclear arms race, proxy wars, fall of Berlin Wall (1989).
  • Post-1945: European integration (ECSC 1951, EU), decolonization, modern geopolitical shifts.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

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Practice quiz preview

1. What was the primary focus of the Renaissance period in European history?

2. Which event marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation?

3. What was a major consequence of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?**

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Flashcard preview

Scientific Revolution — mechanism?

Heliocentric theory and scientific method.

Renaissance — role?

Revived classical learning and art.

Reformation — cause?

Religious upheaval, Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

Renaissance — main features?

Revival of classical learning, humanism, art.

Reformation — start year?

1517, Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

Scientific Revolution — key discovery?

Heliocentric model by Copernicus.

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Frequently asked questions

What does the European History from Renaissance to Modern study guide cover?

It covers the core concepts of European History from Renaissance to Modern, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.

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The practice quiz has 9 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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