Latin Christianity — language used?
Latin was the liturgical language.
Liturgical language — Western Church?
Latin replaced Greek in the West.
Pope — role?
Spiritual leader of Latin Christianity.
Gregorian Reforms — period?
1073-1085, led by Pope Gregory VII.
Reforms — focus?
Centralized papal authority, ended lay investiture.
Church decentralization — before reforms?
Bishops invested by civic rulers.
Medieval European States — structure?
Highly decentralized with noble independence.
Anglo-Saxon England — start?
Post-Roman withdrawal, 4th century.
Viking invasions — beginning?
793, Lindisfarne attack.
Norman Conquest — year?
1066, Battle of Hastings.
Battle of Hastings — significance?
William of Normandy became king.
William's claim — basis?
Promise from Edward, kinship.
Norman influence — effect?
Language, law, centralized reforms.
English unification — achieved by?
Æthelstan, 10th century.
Great Heathen Army — purpose?
Norse invasion and conquest of England.
Alfred the Great — role?
Resisted Vikings, built Wessex strength.
Nobles — power?
Autonomous within medieval states.
Decentralization — impact?
Fragmented political and church authority.
Answer 9 questions on Foundations of Latin Christianity and Medieval Europe.
1. What is Latin Christianity primarily characterized by?
2. Who was the pope responsible for initiating the Gregorian Reforms that strengthened papal authority and reformed church practices in the 11th century?
Go over the full study guide for Foundations of Latin Christianity and Medieval Europe.
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