Aphasia types — main forms?
Wernicke’s, Broca’s, global, conduction, crossed aphasia.
Wernicke’s aphasia — comprehension?
Impaired understanding of spoken language.
Broca’s aphasia — speech?
Non-fluent, effortful speech.
Global aphasia — severity?
Severe impairment in both understanding and producing language.
Conduction aphasia — hallmark?
Impaired repetition, preserved comprehension.
Anterior vs posterior aphasia?
Anterior affects speech production; posterior affects comprehension.
Disconnection syndromes — cause?
Damage to white matter tracts connecting regions.
Phonology — role?
Study of speech sounds and rules.
Syntax — function?
Rules governing sentence structure.
Semantics — focus?
Meaning of words and sentences.
Orthography — definition?
Rules of spelling and letter-sound relations.
Prosody — importance?
Conveys emotion and emphasis in speech.
Speech comprehension — key region?
Left posterior regions, including Wernicke’s area.
Speech production — main area?
Left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area).
Reading routes — two main?
Phonological (nonlexical) and direct (lexical) routes.
Grapheme-to-phoneme rules — role?
Decode written words into sounds.
Surface dyslexia — deficit?
Impaired direct route, trouble with irregular words.
Phonological dyslexia — problem?
Disrupted phonological route, trouble with nonwords.
Agraphia — what?
Loss of writing ability.
Neologisms — meaning?
Made-up words, often in fluent aphasia.
Answer 10 questions on Language Brain and Disorders.
1. What does Wernicke’s aphasia primarily involve?
2. Which brain region is primarily associated with Wernicke’s aphasia?
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