Calcium Homeostasis and Regulation

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Calcium functions and body distribution
  2. Calcium pools and bone exchange dynamics
  3. Calcium regulation by PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin
  4. Vitamin D metabolism and activation steps
  5. Phosphate regulation and renal handling
  6. Parathyroid gland structure and PTH secretion control
  7. Calcitonin and PTHrP roles in calcium homeostasis
  8. Calcium homeostasis in birds and long-term deficits
  9. Hypocalcaemia clinical cases and treatment
  10. Calcium disorders and urolithiasis mechanisms

1. Calcium functions and body distribution

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Calcium: Calcium is an essential ion used for muscle contraction, neuronal activity, exocytosis, coagulation, cell communication, and bone structure.
  • Hydroxyapatite crystals: Hydroxyapatite crystals are bone mineral made of calcium, phosphate, and water that provide structural integrity.
  • Intracellular calcium: Intracellular calcium is the pool inside cells, typically bound to proteins or stored in organelles like mitochondria and ER.
  • Extracellular fluid calcium pool: The extracellular fluid (ECF) calcium pool controls blood calcium levels and supports rapid regulation.
  • Blood calcium forms: Blood calcium exists in three forms: protein-bound, anion-complexed, and free ionised Ca2+.

Essential Points

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Practice quiz preview

1. Which body compartment contains about 99% of total calcium and serves as the main structural reservoir?

2. What is the approximate distribution of calcium in blood between protein-bound, anion-complexed, and free ionised forms?

3. Which bone calcium pool exchanges rapidly with plasma when calcium must be regulated quickly?

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Flashcard preview

Calcium — functions?

Muscle contraction, neuronal activity, bone structure.

Bone calcium — main pool?

Stores about 99% of body calcium.

Calcium functions

Muscle, nervous, clotting, bone, cell communication.

Blood calcium forms

Protein-bound, anion-complexed, free Ca2+.

Major calcium store

Bone holds ~99% of body calcium.

Bone calcium pools

Readily exchangeable and stable pools.

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Frequently asked questions

What does the Calcium Homeostasis and Regulation study guide cover?

It covers the core concepts of Calcium Homeostasis and Regulation, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.

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How many questions are in the Calcium Homeostasis and Regulation quiz?

The practice quiz has 11 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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