Fundamentals of Biological Chemistry

📋 Course Outline

1. Nutrients and Classification
2. Biochemistry Fundamentals
3. Water Properties and Behavior
4. Ionization and pH
5. Organic Chemistry Structures
6. Carbohydrate Structure and Function
7. Protein Structure and Function
8. Lipid Types and Functions
9. Macromolecule Bonds
10. Cell Membrane Structure
11. Transport Mechanisms
12. Enzyme Catalysis and Inhibition

📖 1. Nutrients and Classification

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Nutrient: A substance required by an organism to maintain life, growth, and health. Includes macronutrients and micronutrients.
• Macronutrient: Nutrients needed in large amounts for energy and growth; includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• Micronutrient: Nutrients required in small amounts for proper physiological functions; includes vitamins and minerals.
• Carbohydrates: Organic molecules primarily used as a source of energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (e.g., bread, grains).
• Proteins: Large biomolecules made of amino acids; essential for building tissues, enzymes, and hormones.
• Vitamins: Organic compounds needed in small quantities for metabolic processes; e.g., Vitamin A, B12, E, K.

📝 Essential Points