Neuron: The fundamental nerve cell responsible for transmitting electrical signals within the nervous system. It consists of a cell body, dendrites, an axon, and terminal buttons.
Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord; acts as the main control center, processing information and directing responses.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of all nerves outside the CNS; transmits sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands to muscles and glands.
Myelin Sheath: A fatty insulating layer surrounding many axons, which speeds up electrical signal transmission along the neuron.
Synapse: The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released, allowing communication between nerve cells.
Ventricles: Fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cushioning the brain and spinal cord.
1. What is the primary purpose of the brain's major divisions, such as the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain?
2. What is the central nervous system (CNS) primarily composed of?
3. What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called, responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory processing, and voluntary movement?
Nervous system — main divisions?
CNS and PNS
Central Nervous System — components?
Brain and spinal cord
Brain anatomy — key regions?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
Neuron — role?
Transmit electrical signals in nervous system.
CNS vs PNS — difference?
CNS: brain and spinal cord; PNS: nerves outside CNS.
Myelin Sheath — function?
Insulates axons, speeds signal transmission.
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