By 21 days after delivery
Explanation
Fluid and electrolyte balance generally returns to the non-pregnant state by 21 days postpartum. The earlier intervals underestimate the usual time required for restoration of homeostasis.
Within 2–3 days after birth
Explanation
The first bowel movement usually occurs within 2–3 days postpartum. Haemorrhoids may make this bowel movement more difficult, but they do not determine its usual timing.
Reduced gastrointestinal muscle tone related to progesterone and abdominal relaxation
Explanation
Progesterone-related reduction in gastrointestinal muscle tone, together with abdominal relaxation, makes constipation more likely after birth. This mechanism explains constipation risk rather than predicting the timing of the first bowel movement.
Pregnancy-related sodium and water retention is being reversed
Explanation
Rapid diuresis during days 2–5 reflects reversal of the sodium and water retained during pregnancy. Reduced renal blood flow would not explain this characteristic postpartum increase in urine production.
Lock in the answers with 4 flashcards on Postpartum System Changes.
Why does rapid diuresis occur during days 2–5 postpartum?
Because sodium and water retention of pregnancy is reversed.
By when is fluid and electrolyte balance restored postpartum?
By 21 days postpartum.
What causes reduced gastrointestinal muscle tone after birth?
Progesterone and abdominal relaxation cause reduced gastrointestinal muscle tone.
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