Types of Insulin: Pharmacokinetics

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Insulin Structure and Function
  2. Insulin Preparations Types
  3. Insulin Mechanism of Action
  4. Thyroid Hormones Structure
  5. Thyroid Disorders Types
  6. Thyroid Replacement Therapy
  7. Antithyroid Drugs
  8. Corticosteroid Classification
  9. Corticosteroid Mechanism
  10. Endocrine Drug Applications
  11. Patient Management Strategies
  12. Emerging Endocrine Therapies

1. Insulin Structure and Function

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Insulin: A peptide hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells that regulates blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake and storage of glucose.
  • Insulin Structure: Composed of 51 amino acids arranged in two chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds, essential for receptor binding.
  • Insulin Receptor: A transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that, upon insulin binding, activates intracellular signaling pathways to facilitate glucose transport.
  • Glucose Transporter (GLUT4): A protein that translocates to the cell membrane in response to insulin, enabling glucose entry into muscle and adipose cells.
  • Insulin Action: Facilitates glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis, and inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, maintaining glucose homeostasis.

Essential Points

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Practice quiz preview

1. What are antithyroid drugs?

2. Which of the following insulin preparations is classified as long-acting?

3. What is the primary role of insulin in its mechanism of action?

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Flashcard preview

Insulin — structure?

Peptide hormone with A and B chains linked by disulfide bonds.

Thyroid hormones — main forms?

T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine).

Antithyroid drugs — example?

Methimazole and PTU inhibit hormone synthesis.

Insulin — structure?

Two chains (A and B), 51 amino acids, disulfide bonds.

Rapid-acting insulin — onset?

10-30 minutes.

Short-acting insulin — peak?

2-5 hours.

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