1. What does sphincter mechanism incompetence (SMI) refer to in the context of urinary incontinence?
2. How do the induction and extension phases of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) differ in terms of pathophysiological changes?
3. What is the consequence of diagnosing Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) in cats regarding breeding practices?
AKI phases — definition?
Induction, extension, maintenance, recovery.
AKI grading — basis?
Blood creatinine levels.
Urine output sub-grading — distinguishes?
Non-oligoanuric from oligoanuric AKI.
Prerenal AKI — cause?
Hypoperfusion without parenchymal damage.
Intrinsic AKI — cause?
Parenchymal damage from ischemia or toxins.
Postrenal AKI — cause?
Urinary tract obstruction.
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