Elasticity: The property of a material to return to its original shape after deformation when the applied load is removed. Deformations disappear completely, indicating a reversible behavior.
Ductility: The ability of a solid material to undergo significant plastic deformation under tensile stress before fracture, providing warning of failure through visible strain.
Strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand without failure, whether tensile, compressive, or shear.
Toughness: The capacity of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing; a balance of strength and ductility.
Brittleness: The tendency of a material to fracture with little to no plastic deformation (strain typically below 5%), often failing suddenly without warning.
Fatigue: The weakening of a material caused by cyclic loading, which can lead to failure after many small stress cycles below the breaking stress.
1. What does the property of elasticity in materials mean?
2. What is the primary function of structural elements such as fuselage, wings, and spars in an aircraft?
3. How do the functions of fuselage and wings differ in their response to structural loads?
Loads on aircraft — main types?
Ground and air loads.
Material failure modes — key?
Fracture, fatigue, corrosion.
Elasticity — definition?
Material's ability to return to original shape after deformation.
Elasticity — definition?
Material returns to original shape after load removal.
Ductility — role?
Allows plastic deformation before fracture, warning of failure.
Strength — maximum?
Maximum stress a material can withstand without failure.
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