Foundations of Cognitive Psychology

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Perception and Attention
  2. Memory Processes
  3. Problem Solving Strategies
  4. Decision Making
  5. Language and Thought
  6. Cognitive Development
  7. Intelligence Theories
  8. Cognitive Biases

1. Perception and Attention

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Perception: The process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information to form a mental representation of the environment.
  • Attention: The cognitive process of selectively concentrating on specific stimuli while ignoring others.
  • Selective Attention: Focusing on particular stimuli or tasks while filtering out irrelevant information.
  • Divided Attention: The ability to attend to multiple tasks or stimuli simultaneously.
  • Perceptual Set: A mental predisposition to perceive stimuli in a particular way, influenced by expectations, experience, and context.
  • Bottom-up Processing: Perception driven by sensory input, where data from the environment influences perception.
  • Top-down Processing: Perception driven by prior knowledge, expectations, and experiences influencing how sensory information is interpreted.

Essential Points

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Practice quiz preview

1. What is attention in cognitive processes?

2. What is the typical duration of sensory memory?

3. What is the primary role of problem solving strategies in cognitive processes?

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Flashcard preview

Perception β€” definition?

Organizing and interpreting sensory information.

Attention β€” role?

Selectively focusing on specific stimuli.

Memory stages?

Encoding, storage, retrieval.

Perception β€” definition?

Process by which the brain interprets sensory information.

Attention β€” role?

Selectively concentrates on specific stimuli.

Selective vs Divided Attention?

Selective focuses, divided multitasks.

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The practice quiz has 10 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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