What is the generic formula of carbohydrates?
Why are sugars highly water-soluble?
Because their polar functions form hydrogen bonds with water.
How is glucose mainly produced in plants?
By photosynthesis from carbon dioxide and water.
What distinguishes monosaccharides from oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?
Monosaccharides have one saccharide unit, oligosaccharides have 2 to 20 residues, polysaccharides have more than 20 residues.
Carbohydrate generic formula
Cn(H2O)n, sugar molecules
Polarity in sugars
Hydrophilic; water-soluble due to polar groups
Biological glucose sources
Photosynthesis for plants, food for animals
Carbohydrate classification
Mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides by size
Monosaccharide stereoisomer
Enantiomers; mirror-image stereoisomers
Aldose vs ketose
Aldose: aldehyde group; Ketose: ketone group
Chiral carbon
Carbon with four different substituents, creates stereoisomers
Answer 9 questions on Carbohydrates and Monosaccharides.
1. Which general molecular formula represents carbohydrates?
2. Why are sugars generally highly soluble in water?
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