Earth, Society and Economics

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Forces Shaping Earth’s Surface
  2. Oceans and Marine Life
  3. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate
  4. From Early Humans to Civilizations
  5. Branches of Social Science
  6. Principles of Democracy
  7. How Elections Work
  8. Economic Choices and Production
  9. Demand, Supply and Prices

1. Forces Shaping Earth’s Surface

★ Must-know

📌 Internal forces originate inside the Earth and include tectonic plate movements, earthquakes, and volcanic activity, whereas external forces act on the Earth’s surface.

📌 Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, whereas erosion is the removal and transportation of weathered material.

  • The main agents of erosion include:
    • rivers
    • wind
    • glaciers
    • waves

Further detail

  • Earthquakes occur because of sudden movements in the Earth’s crust, while volcanic eruptions occur when molten material from inside the Earth reaches the surface.

Memory Hook

Internal forces build landforms; external forces break down, move, and deposit material.

2. Oceans and Marine Life

Key Concepts & Definitions

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Practice quiz preview

1. Which statement correctly distinguishes internal forces from external forces in shaping Earth’s surface?

2. A rock is gradually broken into smaller pieces and those pieces are later carried away by a river. Which sequence describes these processes?

3. Which description best defines an ocean?

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Flashcard preview

What distinguishes internal forces from external forces on Earth?

Internal forces originate inside the Earth, external forces act on its surface.

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Weathering breaks down rocks; erosion removes and transports weathered material.

What are oceans?

Large bodies of salt water covering most of Earth's surface.

How do oceans regulate Earth's temperature?

By absorbing, storing, and distributing heat.

Internal forces Earth

Tectonics, earthquakes, volcanic activity

External forces Earth

Weathering, erosion

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Frequently asked questions

What does the Earth, Society and Economics study guide cover?

It covers the core concepts of Earth, Society and Economics, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.

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How many questions are in the Earth, Society and Economics quiz?

The practice quiz has 11 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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How do I study Earth, Society and Economics with flashcards?

There are 12 flashcards on Earth, Society and Economics, with a question on the front and the answer on the back. Try to recall each answer before you flip, and let spaced repetition bring back the ones you miss.

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