| Concept | Definition | Example/Note |
|---|---|---|
| Prokaryotic Cell | A simple cell without a nucleus, with DNA in the cytoplasm. | Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | A complex cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. | Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic. |
| Cell Membrane | A semi-permeable membrane that controls substance exchange between the cell and its environment. | Composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins. |
| Organelles | Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria). | Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. |
| Cell Cycle | The series of events that lead to cell division, including mitosis and meiosis. | Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells. |
1. What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
2. What is the name of the operon that controls lactose metabolism in E. coli?
3. What is the primary role of enzymes in enzyme mechanisms?
Cell types — prokaryotic vs eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have one.
Macromolecules — main types?
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids.
Enzyme — role?
Catalyzes biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
Prokaryotic Cell — definition?
Simple cell without a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cell — example?
Animal and plant cells.
Cell Membrane — role?
Controls substance exchange, semi-permeable.
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