Development (Lugard, 1926): "Bringing to the dark places of the earth, the abode of barbarism and cruelty, the torch of culture and progress." This emphasizes development as a process of civilizing and improving societies through cultural and technological advancement.
Development (IUCN, 1980): "The modification of the biosphere...to improve the quality of human life." Focuses on environmental sustainability and enhancing human well-being within ecological limits.
Development (Dasgupta, 1993): "The manner in which people are able to live and die." Highlights the importance of health, longevity, and quality of life as core to development.
Development (Chambers, 2004): "Good change." A broad, value-driven concept emphasizing positive transformation in societies.
Development (Thomas, 2004): "The practice of development agencies." Frames development as an operational activity carried out by organizations aiming to implement projects and policies.
1. Which of the following best describes Lugard's definition of development?
2. In which period did Modernization Theory emerge as a dominant explanation of development?
3. What is the primary role or purpose of subjective development in understanding progress?
Development — definition by Lugard?
Civilizing and improving societies through culture and technology.
Development — IUCN focus?
Environmental sustainability and human well-being.
Development — Dasgupta's view?
Enhancement of health, longevity, and quality of life.
Development — Chambers' perspective?
Good change or positive societal transformation.
Development — Thomas' focus?
Operational practice by development agencies.
Development — Kanbur's view?
Subjective, influenced by values and culture.
It covers the core concepts of Holistic Approaches to Human Development, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.
Read the full study guide →The practice quiz has 9 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.
Take the quiz (9 questions) →There are 18 flashcards on Holistic Approaches to Human Development, with a question on the front and the answer on the back. Try to recall each answer before you flip, and let spaced repetition bring back the ones you miss.
See all 18 flashcards →Upload a PDF or paste your notes. Revizly writes a study guide, a practice quiz and flashcards in about a minute.