IGCSE Biology Core Concepts

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Photosynthesis and Cell Structures
  2. Gas Exchange and Breathing
  3. Digestion and Nutrition
  4. Respiration and Osmosis
  5. Experiments and Yeast Variables
  6. Biological Calculations

1. Photosynthesis and Cell Structures

β˜… Must-know

πŸ“ Formula β€” The balanced equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2Oβ†’C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2.

πŸ“Œ The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity until another factor, such as carbon dioxide concentration or temperature, becomes limiting.

  • The chloroplast contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

  • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Further detail

  • The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, while the cell wall strengthens and supports plant cells.

Memory Hook

More light increases photosynthesis until COβ‚‚ or temperature becomes limiting.

2. Gas Exchange and Breathing

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Alveoli: the main site of gas exchange

β˜… Must-know

  • The trachea carries air to the bronchi and is supported by cartilage rings.

  • Cartilage rings prevent the trachea and bronchi from collapsing.

Further detail

πŸ“Œ A collapsed lung reduces oxygen uptake because less surface area is available for gas exchange.

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Practice quiz preview

1. Regarding the balanced equation for photosynthesis, which proposition(s) is/are correct?

2. Concerning factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, which proposition(s) is/are correct?

3. The permanent vacuole and cell wall of a plant cell are associated with which functions?

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Flashcard preview

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?

It increases until another factor becomes limiting.

What pigment does the chloroplast contain for photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll.

Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?

At the ribosomes.

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

Cell sap.

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

It strengthens and supports the cells.

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Frequently asked questions

What does the IGCSE Biology Core Concepts study guide cover?

It covers the core concepts of IGCSE Biology Core Concepts, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.

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How many questions are in the IGCSE Biology Core Concepts quiz?

The practice quiz has 18 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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How do I study IGCSE Biology Core Concepts with flashcards?

There are 33 flashcards on IGCSE Biology Core Concepts, with a question on the front and the answer on the back. Try to recall each answer before you flip, and let spaced repetition bring back the ones you miss.

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