Evaporation: The process where water turns into gas by gaining heat. It occurs when water molecules absorb energy, typically from the sun, causing them to become vapor. (source)
Condensation: The process where water vapor loses heat and becomes liquid. It involves cooling of water vapor, leading to the formation of liquid droplets. (source)
Sublimation: The process where a solid directly transforms into gas without passing through the liquid state. It involves the solid gaining enough heat to bypass melting. (source)
States of water: The physical forms water can take—solid, liquid, and gas. Each state has distinct particle arrangements and movement characteristics. (source)
Water cycle paths: The routes water follows in nature, including runoff (water flowing over land into bodies of water), infiltration (water seeping into the ground), and evaporation (water returning to the atmosphere). (source)
Energy source: The sun, which provides the heat energy necessary to drive the processes of evaporation and other water cycle activities. (source)
1. Who is credited with providing the energy that drives the water cycle processes such as evaporation?
2. When was the scientific understanding of water's different states—solid, liquid, and gas—most formally established in the context of thermodynamics and physical chemistry?
3. Who is credited with providing the primary energy that drives processes such as evaporation in the water cycle?
Water cycle processes — key?
Evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and pathways.
States of water — forms?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
Water cycle processes — key?
Evaporation, condensation, sublimation, runoff, infiltration.
States of water — forms?
Solid, liquid, gas.
Water's chemical formula?
H₂O.
Water polarity — effect?
Creates hydrogen bonding, solvent properties.
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