What is communication?
The process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between two or more people.
What distinguishes verbal communication from non-verbal communication?
Verbal communication uses words; non-verbal communication uses signals other than words.
What does visual communication use to convey information?
Images, signs, symbols, charts, or diagrams.
What distinguishes oral communication from written communication?
Oral communication uses spoken words; written communication uses written words.
What can written communication provide?
A permanent record.
What distinguishes formal communication from informal communication?
Formal communication follows official procedures; informal communication takes place casually.
What language does formal communication usually use?
Professional language.
What process does the communication cycle describe?
A sender communicates a message to a receiver, who interprets it and responds with feedback.
What does encoding do in communication?
It converts an idea into a communicable form.
What does decoding mean in communication?
Interpreting and understanding a received message.
What does the sender do with feedback in the communication cycle?
Checks understanding and clarifies if necessary.
What is the first step in the communication cycle?
The sender develops an idea.
What is a communication barrier?
Anything that prevents a message from being sent, received, or understood correctly.
What are the five types of communication barriers?
Physical, language, interpersonal, organisational, and cultural barriers.
How can communication barriers be reduced?
Use simple language, listen without interrupting, choose a suitable channel, ask questions, give and receive constructive feedback, avoid assumptions, respect differences, check understanding, reduce distractions, and encourage respectful communication.
When does effective communication occur?
When a message is conveyed clearly and understood as intended.
What are the 7 Cs of effective communication?
Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, and Courteous.
What does active listening require beyond hearing a speaker?
Understanding the message and responding thoughtfully.
What is empathy?
The ability to understand or consider another person's feelings and point of view.
What are the eight parts of speech?
Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
What does a noun name?
A person, place, thing, or idea.
What does a pronoun do?
It replaces a noun.
What is a sentence?
A group of words that expresses a complete thought and normally contains a subject and predicate.
Which four sentence types are classified by purpose?
Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory.
What does a simple sentence contain?
One independent clause.
What does a compound sentence contain?
Two or more independent clauses.
What does a complex sentence contain?
One independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
When should “a” precede a singular countable noun?
Before one beginning with a consonant sound.
When should “an” precede a singular countable noun?
Before one beginning with a vowel sound.
What do punctuation marks do in writing?
They organise sentences and make meaning clear.
What grammatical information does tense indicate?
The time of an action or state.
Which eight tenses are covered in this section?
Simple present, present continuous, present perfect, simple past, past continuous, past perfect, simple future, and future continuous.
What factors determine the choice of communication method?
The target audience, cost, information type, urgency, and clarity needed.
What is a communication channel?
The medium through which a message is sent.
What distinguishes constructive feedback from negative feedback?
Constructive feedback offers suggestions for improvement.
What distinguishes specific feedback from non-specific feedback?
Specific feedback identifies a particular action or issue.
What causes physical communication barriers?
The environment or equipment.
What causes language communication barriers?
Differences in language or vocabulary.
What causes interpersonal communication barriers?
Feelings or relationships.
What causes organisational communication barriers?
Structure or procedures.
What causes cultural communication barriers?
Differences in customs or values.
What does clarity mean in communication?
Presenting a message so that it is easy to understand.
What does conciseness mean in communication?
Using only the words necessary to communicate the message.
What does completeness mean in communication?
Including all the information the receiver needs.
How should an active listener handle interruptions?
Avoid unnecessary interruptions.
What should an active listener do before judging a message?
Understand the message first.
How should effective speaking organize ideas?
Logically.
What should effective speakers allow their audience to do?
Ask questions.
What does an adverb modify?
A verb, adjective, or another adverb.
What does a preposition show?
A relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word.
What determines a word’s part of speech?
How the word is used in the sentence.
What does a predicate tell about?
The subject.
What is an independent clause?
A group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
When should “the” be used?
For a particular person or thing, or something already identified.
What does a full stop do?
It ends a statement.
What does a comma do?
It separates list items or sentence parts.
What does a question mark do?
It ends a direct question.
When is the present perfect used?
For actions connected to the present.
What should writers check when reviewing a final text?
Grammar, spelling, punctuation, sentence completeness, subject–verb agreement, vocabulary, logical arrangement, repetition, tense consistency, and rereading.
Answer 24 questions on Communication Skills and Writing.
1. Which description best defines communication?
2. A presenter explains an idea aloud, then points to a chart to illustrate it. Which classification correctly distinguishes these methods?
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