★ Must-know
Structural adjustment programs imposed by the IMF and World Bank from the early 1980s promoted privatization and deregulation to expand business freedom and market flexibility.
Sub-Saharan Africa maintained economic growth above 3% from 2003, yet remained increasingly marginalized internationally.
More than 80% of Sub-Saharan Africa's export revenues still came from agricultural and mineral raw materials.
Further detail
1. A government adopts reforms promoted by the IMF and World Bank in the early 1980s to increase business freedom and market flexibility. Which policy combination fits those reforms?
2. From 2003 onward, a region records economic growth above 3% but becomes increasingly marginalized internationally. Which description matches this combination?
3. A Sub-Saharan African economy earns 84% of its export revenue from agricultural and mineral raw materials. Which interpretation matches the regional pattern described?
What did IMF and World Bank structural adjustment programs promote from the early 1980s?
Privatization and deregulation to expand business freedom and market flexibility.
What growth threshold did Sub-Saharan Africa exceed from 2003?
3%.
How did Sub-Saharan Africa's international economic position change despite growth above 3%?
It became increasingly marginalized internationally.
What share of Sub-Saharan Africa's export revenues came from raw materials?
More than 80%.
What does the Keynesian approach accept about state intervention in the economy?
It accepts state intervention as a center for economic direction and regulation.
Which author and reference are associated with the post-independence use of African public enterprises?
Hugon, 1999.
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