Introduction to Accounting Standards and Norms

From the study guide

1. 📌 Essentials

  • Normative evolution: mercantile → tax → EU adaptation → standards.
  • Main norms: Ley 16/2007, Código de Comercio, RD 1514/2007, Ley 22/2015.
  • Books of accounts: Diario + Inventories & Annual Accounts; legalize in Mercantile Registry.
  • Formulation deadline: within 3 months after fiscal year-end.
  • Financial statements: balance sheet, profit & loss, statement of changes in equity, cash flow, notes.
  • Recognition criteria: probable future benefits and reliable measurement.
  • Valuation methods: historical cost, fair value, net realizable value, present value.
  • Core principles: accrual, consistency, prudence, materiality, no offsetting.
  • Financial info must be prepared according to a codified chart of accounts.
  • Financial statements are approved by the General Shareholders' Meeting and published in Mercantile Registry.
  • Recognition of assets/liabilities occurs when benefits are probable and measurable.
  • Income/expenses are recognized when realized or incurred.
  • Inventory regularization at year-end ensures balance with physical stock.
  • Inventory impairment must be recognized if net realizable value drops below cost.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

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Practice quiz preview

1. What is the primary purpose of accounting regulations and normalization processes in the context of economic reality?

2. Which of the following correctly describes the evolution of accounting norms over time?

3. Which principle is NOT typically considered a fundamental accounting principle?

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Flashcard preview

Normative evolution — stages?

Mercantile, tax, EU adaptation, international standards

Norm types — examples?

Mercantile, fiscal, civil

Current norms — main laws?

Ley 16/2007, Código de Comercio, RD 1514/2007, Ley 22/2015

Normative evolution — stages?

Mercantile, tax, EU adaptation, standards

Main norms — examples?

Ley 16/2007, Código de Comercio, RD 1514/2007, Ley 22/2015

Books of accounts — required?

Diario, Inventories, Annual Accounts

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