What distinguishes the British constitutional order from the constitutional histories of the United States and France?
It developed through continuity of the monarchy rather than a constitutional breakup or constituent moment.
What does constituent power enable?
The creation of a constitution.
Which description of the British Constitution did John Griffith give in “The Political Constitution” (1979)?
“No more and no less than what happens.”
On what date did the United States declare independence?
4 July 1776.
What sources form an unwritten constitution, as in the United Kingdom and New Zealand?
Customs and case law.
What distinguishes a formal constitution’s adoption and revision procedures from ordinary law?
They use exceptional procedures.
What subject matter identifies a material constitution?
Political institutions, legislative procedures, and human rights.
In a formal, rigid constitutional system, what must lower-level norms comply with?
Higher-level norms.
What constitutional summit does the UK lack, and which treaties remain relevant?
A supreme formal constitution; Council of Europe treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights.
Which decision established the constitutional significance of the French bloc de constitutionnalité?
The French Constitutional Council’s 1971 Liberté d’association decision.
Answer 11 questions on Constitutions in French and Common Law.
1. How did the British constitutional order develop, in contrast to the constitutional changes in the United States and France?
2. A minister follows a customary political rule that is not legally enforceable as legislation. What kind of rule is this?
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