How are tutorials conducted regarding screens?
Without screens.
Which activities are included in the tutorials?
Reading, exercises, debate, essays or dissertations, case briefs and comments, moot court, and exam preparation.
What did the Supreme Court rule in June 2026 about birthright citizenship?
The Constitution guarantees automatic birthright citizenship.
Which executive order did the Supreme Court strike down in Trump v. Barbara / Trump v. State?
An order denying citizenship to U.S.-born children of undocumented immigrants or temporary visa holders.
How did the Supreme Court rule on the president’s tariff authority in Trump v. IEEPA?
The 1977 International Emergency Economic Powers Act did not authorize unilateral global tariffs.
Which branch does the Constitution reserve tariff authority to, according to Trump v. IEEPA?
Congress.
What two changes does French Law No. 2025-568 make?
It strengthens juvenile justice and adds explicit consent to the criminal definition of rape.
What was the date of French Law No. 2025-568?
23 June 2025.
What must a claimant prove to obtain compensation for a GDPR violation?
Material or non-material damage caused by the violation.
What does a GDPR violation alone establish about a right to compensation?
It does not create a right to compensation.
What is law within a legal system?
An organized set of norms.
What distinguishes legal norms from social, sports, fashion, moral, religious, and ethical norms?
Their source, authority, sanctions, and scope of application.
Which institutions issue or apply legal norms?
State institutions and courts.
What penalties can legal norms impose?
Fines or imprisonment.
What is positive law?
Laws and legal rules established and in force within a state or geographic area at a given time.
What is natural law?
Universal, inherent moral principles of justice thought to apply independently of written legislation.
Which sources are included among national legal norms?
Legislation, constitutions, regulations, decrees and orders, contracts, custom, equity in common-law countries, and legal doctrine.
What sources does civil law primarily rely on?
Codified statutes and written codes.
What sources does common law primarily rely on?
Precedent and judicial decisions.
How does civil-law reasoning reach decisions?
It applies general abstract rules to particular cases.
How does common-law reasoning reach general principles?
It extracts them from particular cases.
What role do judges play in civil-law systems?
They apply law to facts and act as investigators in an inquisitorial system.
What must lower courts do with higher-court rulings in common-law systems?
They must follow them as binding precedent.
What legal traditions does a mixed legal system combine?
European civil law and Anglo-American common law.
Which legal fields commonly use civilian codes in mixed jurisdictions?
Private matters, including contracts, property, family law, and successions.
Which legal fields tend to follow common-law mechanisms in mixed jurisdictions?
Constitutional, criminal, and administrative law, as well as judicial procedure.
In which year did William the Conqueror lead the Norman conquest of England?
1066.
What event made 1066 a turning point in the development of the English monarchy and common law?
The Norman conquest of England after the Battle of Hastings.
How does the course describe the origins of common law?
It developed as judge-made law through royal courts and judicial decisions.
What did the French Revolution of 1789 replace as the source of legislation?
Royal authority.
How does French law describe the relationship between legislation and the general will?
Legislation is understood as the expression of the general will.
What does Article 6 of the 1789 Declaration say law expresses?
The general will.
According to Article 6 of the 1789 Declaration, how must law treat citizens?
The same for all, whether it protects or punishes.
What did the statute of 16–24 August 1790 prohibit courts from doing?
Participating in legislative power, making regulations, or interfering with administration.
How is French law primarily expressed and codified?
As written legislative law, codified through the Civil Code.
Who teaches the course lectures?
Aurélie Duffy-Meunier.
Who leads the course tutorials?
Max Brouwer.
Which materials and methods are used in course lessons?
Reading lists, a bibliography, PowerPoint, and interactions.
How are course lessons conducted regarding screens?
Without screens.
What does the course emphasize as key to tutorial success?
Consistency.
What did the Supreme Court order in April 2025 in Noem v. Abrego Garcia?
The administration had to facilitate the return of a person mistakenly deported to El Salvador.
Why did the National Trust lack standing in the 2026 White House Ballroom case?
It had not shown a concrete injury.
What does the Secure America Act fully fund, according to the statement?
Border-enforcement infrastructure and targeted removal of criminal non-citizens.
In which month and year did Prince Harry lose a phase of his privacy litigation against Associated Newspapers?
July 2026.
Which court heard Prince Harry’s privacy litigation phase against Associated Newspapers?
The High Court.
In which year did the UK Supreme Court grant permission to challenge Palestine Action’s proscription?
2026.
Which law’s use to proscribe Palestine Action was challenged in R (on the application of Ammori) v Secretary of State for the Home Department?
The Terrorism Act 2000.
Which court altered the definition of deprivation of liberty under Article 5 of the ECHR?
The UK Supreme Court.
Whose deprivation-of-liberty definition was addressed in A Reference by the Attorney General for Northern Ireland of a devolution issue [2026] UKSC 16?
People lacking mental capacity.
Which UK law is identified as Brexit legislation?
The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.
Which two French acts does the course list for 2026?
The End of Life / Assisted Dying Act in July 2026 and the Agricultural Sovereignty Act.
Why did the Conseil d’État dismiss the Bayeux Tapestry loan challenge in June 2026?
It concerned France’s international relations.
Which article did Decision No. 2026-911 DC strike down?
Article 1 of a law intended to protect minors from social-media risks.
On what date did the Conseil constitutionnel issue Decision No. 2026-911 DC?
14 August 2026.
What is the official marathon distance?
42.195 km.
In which year was the official marathon distance definitively adopted?
1921.
How is French legislation generally organized?
It is generally codified in codes.
How can equity prevent harm in common-law countries?
It may issue an injunction ordering someone to stop an action.
Which type of legal norm does international law include?
International treaties.
What historical tradition is civil law associated with?
Roman law.
What shared goals do civil-law and common-law systems pursue?
They maintain social order, resolve disputes, enforce rights and obligations, recognize constitutional hierarchy, separate powers, and protect procedural fairness and the right to a defense.
What influences Louisiana private law?
French and Spanish colonial codes and the Napoleonic Code.
What did the 1763 Treaty of Paris preserve in Quebec?
French private law.
What legal traditions does Scotland combine?
Roman-law and continental roots with binding precedent and common-law commercial statutes.
Which civilian concepts or terms distinguish Louisiana, Quebec, and Scotland?
Usufruct and servitudes in Louisiana, extra-contractual liability in Quebec, and delict in Scotland.
In which year did King John issue the Magna Carta?
1215.
In which year did Edward Coke argue that the King was subject to God and the law?
1607.
In which year was the English Bill of Rights adopted?
1689.
What forms of law does the course say modern UK law contains abundantly?
Extensive legislation alongside abundant case law.
Which three landmarks does the course identify in U.S. constitutional and judicial history?
The U.S. Constitution of 1787, Marbury v. Madison (1804), and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954).
How does Article 4 of the 1789 Declaration define liberty?
Doing anything that does not harm others.
What did the 1790 separation of judicial and administrative functions give rise to?
Administrative tribunals and administrative law.
Answer 26 questions on French Law and Common Law.
1. Which combination of activities characterizes tutorials conducted without screens?
2. A student wants to improve their performance in tutorials over the term; what does the course identify as the key to success?
Go over the full study guide for French Law and Common Law.
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