1. What is a Formkaufmann in the context of German commercial law?
2. According to the German Commercial Code (HGB), what are the specific turnover and profit thresholds that, if not exceeded for two consecutive years, exempt small sole traders from the bookkeeping obligation?
3. What is an Istkaufmann according to German commercial law?
Types of Traders — definition?
Categories of merchants based on activity, registration, or legal form.
Bookkeeping obligation — exemption?
Exempt if turnover <600,000 EUR and profit <60,000 EUR for 2 years.
Istkaufmann — definition?
Operates a trade requiring organized business.
Kannkaufmann — status?
Small trader, optional registration.
Formkaufmann — source?
Legal form, e.g., GmbH.
Bookkeeping obligation — law?
Required under HGB §238 Abs. 1.
It covers the core concepts of Fundamentals of German Accounting and Bookkeeping, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.
Read the full study guide →The practice quiz has 6 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.
Take the quiz (6 questions) →There are 9 flashcards on Fundamentals of German Accounting and Bookkeeping, with a question on the front and the answer on the back. Try to recall each answer before you flip, and let spaced repetition bring back the ones you miss.
See all 9 flashcards →Upload a PDF or paste your notes. Revizly writes a study guide, a practice quiz and flashcards in about a minute.