★ Must-know
📌 Les jusnaturalistes sont dualistes : ils reconnaissent le droit naturel, ordre de justice universel, immuable, antérieur et supérieur au droit humain, ainsi que le droit positif, légitime seulement s’il lui est conforme.
📌 Les positivistes sont monistes : ils reconnaissent comme seul droit celui posé par une autorité humaine, notamment la loi ou la jurisprudence, sans faire dépendre sa validité d’un idéal extérieur de justice.
Further detail
1. How do jusnaturalists understand the relationship between natural law and positive law?
2. A legal theorist holds that a statute is legally valid because it was enacted by a competent human authority, even if it conflicts with an ideal of justice. Which doctrine does this reflect?
3. In Hans Kelsen’s pure theory of law, what determines the validity of a legal norm within the normative hierarchy?
What two legal orders do jusnaturalists recognize?
Natural law and positive law.
Which authority-based approach recognizes only human-made law?
Legal positivism.
Who developed the pure theory of law, and what is its title?
Hans KELSEN, *théorie pure du droit*.
Which source must each norm conform to in Kelsen’s theory?
The immediately superior norm.
What does objective law consist of?
Rules of conduct imposed on members of society and enforceable by public authority.
What three functions characterize a rule of law?
It guides conduct, applies generally, and is backed by sanctions for noncompliance.
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