French Grammatical Classes

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Nature and Function of Words
  2. Criteria for Grammatical Categories
  3. Nouns and Determiners
  4. Adjectives and Pronouns
  5. Verbs and Their Subcategories
  6. Invariable Grammatical Classes

1. Nature and Function of Words

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Grammatical nature: the intrinsic and immutable identity of a word
  • Grammatical function: Grammatical function is the dynamic syntactic role played by a word or group of words in a specific utterance, such as subject, verb, direct object, or indirect object.

Memory Hook

Nature is intrinsic and stable, whereas function is the changing syntactic role.

2. Criteria for Grammatical Categories

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Morphological criterion: The morphological criterion concerns a word’s form and its capacity to receive inflections such as gender, number, tense, mood, or aspect.
  • Syntactic criterion: The syntactic criterion concerns the position and role of each word in the sentence.
  • Semantic criterion: The semantic criterion concerns the way a word represents reality through its meaning.

★ Must-know

  • The three cumulative criteria are:
    • morphological
    • syntactic
    • semantic

Further detail

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Practice quiz preview

1. What distinguishes grammatical nature from grammatical function?

2. In the sentences “The child reads” and “The child sees the dog,” what can change for “the child” while its grammatical nature remains unchanged?

3. Which three criteria are used cumulatively to establish grammatical categories?

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Flashcard preview

What is grammatical nature of a word?

It is the intrinsic and immutable identity of a word.

What does grammatical function describe in a sentence?

The dynamic syntactic role played by a word or group of words.

Give an example of a grammatical function a word can have.

Subject is an example of a grammatical function.

Name another grammatical function besides subject and verb.

Direct object is another grammatical function.

What are the three cumulative criteria for grammatical categories?

Morphological, syntactic, and semantic criteria.

What does the morphological criterion concern in grammar?

A word's form and its capacity to receive inflections.

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Frequently asked questions

What does the French Grammatical Classes study guide cover?

It covers the core concepts of French Grammatical Classes, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.

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How many questions are in the French Grammatical Classes quiz?

The practice quiz has 17 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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How do I study French Grammatical Classes with flashcards?

There are 38 flashcards on French Grammatical Classes, with a question on the front and the answer on the back. Try to recall each answer before you flip, and let spaced repetition bring back the ones you miss.

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