📌 The Anglo-Normans were concentrated in the Pale, whereas Gaelic lords ruled outside the Pale.
The Pale contained Anglo-Normans; beyond it lived the Gaelic lords.
📌 Ireland was Christian, but Christianity had not shaped its social structure because priests held status without monopolising social authority.
1. Who led the twelfth-century Norman English conquest of Ireland?
2. What best describes the relationship between the Pale and the surrounding regions of Ireland?
3. Why was Irish civilisation distinct from much of western Europe in the Roman period?
Who conquered Ireland in the twelfth century under Strongbow?
The Norman English descended from William the Conqueror.
What was the Pale in medieval Ireland?
The area of eastern Ireland around Dublin where Anglo-Normans lived.
What set Irish civilisation apart from much of Europe historically?
The Romans never came to Ireland.
How did Christianity influence Ireland's social structure?
Christianity did not shape Ireland's social structure because priests held status without monopolising authority.
Pale's location
Area around Dublin with Anglo-Normans
Gaelic societal basis
Land commitment and clan loyalty
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