1. What does the term 'Columbian Exchange' specifically refer to?
2. What was the primary role of the Jesuits during the European religious reforms?
3. What was the primary role of mercantilism in the context of American colonies during the early modern era?
Columbian Exchange — definition?
Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, people between Europe and the Americas.
Native population decline — cause?
Diseases introduced by Europeans reduced Native Americans by 90%.
African slaves — reason?
Replaced Native Americans after their population declined from disease.
European animals — introduced?
Cattle, pigs, and horses were brought to the Americas.
Little Ice Age — demographic impact?
Large Native American death toll contributed to climate change effects.
Thirty Years War — significance?
Most consequential religious war in 17th-century Europe, causing massive casualties.
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