Moral Preferences and Career Choices Practice Quiz (10 questions)

Question 1

1. A student is classifying three broad approaches to ethics. Which set names the three main ethical theories?

Deontology, care ethics, and virtue ethics

Consequentialism, deontology, and moral relativism

Consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics

Consequentialism, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics

Explanation

The three main ethical theories are consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Utilitarianism is a variant of consequentialist thinking, while care ethics and moral relativism are not members of this listed trio.

Answer

Consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics

Question 2

2. A committee judges a proposed action to be good because it is expected to produce beneficial results, without specifying that those results must increase well-being. Which view best fits this judgment?

Virtue ethics

Utilitarianism

Rule consequentialism

Consequentialism

Explanation

Consequentialism evaluates something such as an action as good when it has positive consequences; the account is broader than the specific focus on increased well-being. Utilitarianism narrows the criterion to well-being, rule consequentialism evaluates rules, and virtue ethics focuses on character.

Answer

Consequentialism

Question 3

3. A city evaluates a policy as good specifically because it increases residents’ well-being. Which ethical view most directly matches this criterion?

Act consequentialism

Utilitarianism

Virtue ethics

Consequentialism in general

Explanation

Utilitarianism treats an action or other choice as good when it increases well-being. Consequentialism in general uses the broader criterion of positive consequences, while act consequentialism focuses on assessing actions and virtue ethics on character.

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 4

4. What does deontology hold makes an action good?

Its expression of a virtuous character

Its production of the greatest overall well-being

Its conformity to a moral duty or norm

Its acceptance under a fair agreement among those involved

Explanation

Deontology evaluates an action by whether it conforms to a moral duty or norm. Judging it by its overall effects instead describes a consequentialist approach.

Answer

Its conformity to a moral duty or norm

Question 5

5. What common criticism holds that virtue ethics does not clearly determine which actions are right?

It is circular and leaves the criteria for right action unspecified.

It relies on universal rules that cannot account for individual circumstances.

It focuses on consequences and overlooks the character of the agent.

It treats moral duties as conflicting and impossible to prioritize.

Explanation

The criticism is that virtue ethics can be circular and does not specify which actions are right. The concern about conflicting duties is associated with Kantian deontology, not this criticism of virtue ethics.

Answer

It is circular and leaves the criteria for right action unspecified.

Question 6

6. What is the purpose of meta-ethics?

To examine what morality is and whether moral claims can be true or false

To identify the character traits that make an action virtuous

To determine which actions produce the greatest well-being

To establish duties that apply across different situations

Explanation

Meta-ethics investigates the nature of morality and whether moral claims have truth values. Identifying which actions maximize well-being is a consequentialist task, not meta-ethics’ defining purpose.

Answer

To examine what morality is and whether moral claims can be true or false

Question 7

7. In the Julie-and-Mark scenario, what feature of people’s moral response does the example illustrate?

They may judge an action wrong intuitively despite being unable to identify an obvious reason for that judgment.

They generally suspend judgment until they can calculate the action’s effects on everyone involved.

They tend to judge an action right when it follows a shared social rule, even if it feels troubling.

They revise their moral judgment whenever another person supplies a persuasive justification.

Explanation

The scenario illustrates that people can intuitively condemn an action even when they cannot point to an obvious reason that makes it bad. The idea that people wait for a calculation of consequences does not capture this intuition-first response.

Answer

They may judge an action wrong intuitively despite being unable to identify an obvious reason for that judgment.

Question 8

8. How does the proposed shared moral algorithm explain why people can reach different moral judgments?

It gives each person a separate moral system shaped entirely by individual preference.

It makes moral judgments depend on whether people follow explicit social rules.

It causes people with shared intuitions to reach identical judgments across situations.

It produces different outputs when people encounter different contextual inputs.

Explanation

The account proposes that people share evolved moral intuitions, while contextual inputs can lead the shared moral algorithm to produce different judgments. A separate moral system for each person differs from the claim that people share an underlying algorithm.

Answer

It produces different outputs when people encounter different contextual inputs.

Question 9

9. Why should a job-investigation group compare at least two roles or environments within a similar professional domain?

To replace personal research with a single shared description of the profession

To ensure the group can avoid interviewing professionals in that field

To determine which role offers the highest salary in every organization

To weigh their costs and benefits and clarify uncertainties about the field

Explanation

Comparing roles or environments helps the group balance their costs and benefits while addressing uncertainties about the professional domain. Focusing solely on salary would miss the broader comparison the investigation is meant to make.

Answer

To weigh their costs and benefits and clarify uncertainties about the field

Question 10

10. An interviewee spends most of the meeting discussing their workday, leaving little time for your prepared questions. What is the best way to handle the remaining questions?

Skip the prepared questions and rely on personal research to fill in every gap afterward.

Switch to questions about annual earnings, since those are the most useful details for comparing jobs.

Prioritize the questions about key uncertainties and ask the interviewee to address them within the remaining time.

Ask the interviewee to extend the meeting so you can cover every question in your original list.

Explanation

The preparation guidance advises managing remaining questions when a professional speaks at length, which means prioritizing the most important questions within the planned time. Extending the meeting assumes the professional can stay longer, despite the instruction to respect the planned time.

Answer

Prioritize the questions about key uncertainties and ask the interviewee to address them within the remaining time.

Moral Preferences and Career Choices Practice Quiz (10 questions)

All questions and answers

1. A student is classifying three broad approaches to ethics. Which set names the three main ethical theories?

2. A committee judges a proposed action to be good because it is expected to produce beneficial results, without specifying that those results must increase well-being. Which view best fits this judgment?

3. A city evaluates a policy as good specifically because it increases residents’ well-being. Which ethical view most directly matches this criterion?

4. What does deontology hold makes an action good?

5. What common criticism holds that virtue ethics does not clearly determine which actions are right?

6. What is the purpose of meta-ethics?

7. In the Julie-and-Mark scenario, what feature of people’s moral response does the example illustrate?

8. How does the proposed shared moral algorithm explain why people can reach different moral judgments?

9. Why should a job-investigation group compare at least two roles or environments within a similar professional domain?

10. An interviewee spends most of the meeting discussing their workday, leaving little time for your prepared questions. What is the best way to handle the remaining questions?

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