1. Which path best describes how Gamal al-Ghitani developed his literary knowledge?
Reading, research, and contact with ordinary people
Explanation
Al-Ghitani built his knowledge through reading, research, and contact with ordinary people, including engagement with heritage and modern literature. The university-path choice mistakes this for conventional higher education; the war-reporting choice confuses his later work with his literary formation; the architectural-training choice mistakes a subject he studied through reading for formal professional training.