Industrialisation: The process by which a society transforms its economy from primarily agrarian to one dominated by manufacturing and industrial activities. In Scotland, this involved the rapid expansion of heavy industries such as coal mining, iron production, engineering, and shipbuilding, leading to significant economic and social changes.
Heavy industry: A sector of manufacturing that involves large-scale production of raw materials and machinery, typically including industries like coal extraction, iron smelting, engineering, and shipbuilding. In Scotland, heavy industry was central to its industrial growth, supporting other sectors and contributing to its reputation as a major industrial hub.
Raw materials: Basic natural resources used in manufacturing and industrial processes. Scotland’s industrialisation was driven by the availability of cheap and plentiful raw materials, notably coal and iron, which were essential for energy production and steel manufacturing.
1. What are the key features that distinguish push and pull migration factors?
2. In which year did the Highland famine caused by potato blight occur?
3. How do push and pull migration factors influence the movement of people?
Industrialisation — definition?
Society's shift to manufacturing-based economy.
Urbanisation — role?
Demographic shift to city living.
Migration — movement?
People relocating within Scotland; emigration is leaving the country.
Population growth in Scotland?
Rapid increase post-1830, especially in Glasgow.
Push and pull factors?
Conditions prompting or attracting migration.
Highland push factors?
Famine, poverty, land evictions.
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