Steamship: A vessel powered by steam engines, which significantly reduced the time and risk of crossing oceans. According to the source, the journey across the Atlantic from Glasgow to North America decreased from 6 weeks in 1850 to about 1 week by 1914, making overseas travel cheaper and more accessible.
Railways: A network of tracks that connected different regions, enabling faster land travel. The railways linked the Scottish Highlands to the Lowlands and ports, allowing quicker movement within Scotland. For example, travel from Glasgow to London was reduced from days to 12 hours.
Internal migration: The movement of people within a country or region. The development of railways facilitated this by providing rapid access to ports and urban centers, encouraging Scots to move from rural areas like the Highlands to cities and ports.
Clyde shipping firms: Shipping companies based in the Clyde area that established worldwide passenger networks from the 1850s. They enabled emigrants to book travel and make arrangements for their journey abroad, simplifying the emigration process.
1. Who is credited with the technological progress that improved steamship travel in the 19th and early 20th centuries?
2. What is a key feature of the improvements in transport methods that facilitated Scottish emigration?
3. By 1914, approximately how long did it take for a steamship to cross the Atlantic from Glasgow to North America?
Steamship — main improvement?
Reduced crossing time and increased safety.
Railways — role?
Connected regions, sped internal and port travel.
Steamship — main improvement?
Reduced Atlantic crossing time to about 1 week.
Railways — role?
Connected regions, sped up travel, enabled migration.
Clyde shipping firms — function?
Operated global passenger networks for emigrants.
Internal migration — facilitator?
Railways provided rapid access to ports and cities.
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