★ Must-know
Cell injury may be reversible, irreversible, programmed, or residual, and its consequences include degeneration, cell death by necrosis, apoptosis, subcellular injury, intracellular accumulation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, gangrene, and pathological calcification.
The principal mechanisms of cell injury are ischemia and hypoxia, free-radical injury, toxic injury, and immune-mediated injury.
Further detail
★ Must-know
Reversible parenchymal changes include intracellular accumulation of water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and pigments.
Intracellular water accumulation includes cell swelling, hydropic changes, and vacuolar changes.
Further detail
1. Which mechanism is recognized as a principal cause of cell injury?
2. Which statement correctly distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis?
3. Which finding is characteristic of reversible parenchymal change?
What are the possible types of cell injury?
Cell injury may be reversible, irreversible, programmed, or residual.
Name some consequences of cell injury.
Consequences include degeneration, necrosis, apoptosis, subcellular injury, intracellular accumulation, gangrene, and pathological calcification.
What are the principal mechanisms of cell injury?
Ischemia and hypoxia, free-radical injury, toxic injury, and immune-mediated injury.
What mesenchymal changes are listed in cell injury?
Mucoid or chromotropic edema, fibrinoid swelling, hyalinosis, amyloidosis, mucinous changes, fatty infiltration, and extracellular pigment accumulation.
What substances accumulate in reversible parenchymal changes?
Water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and pigments accumulate.
What does intracellular water accumulation cause in cells?
Cell swelling, hydropic changes, and vacuolar changes.
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