Thermodynamic System — types?
Isolated, adiabatic, closed, and open.
Isolated system — exchange?
No matter or energy exchange.
Open system — exchange?
Both matter and energy exchange.
Cell as open system — role?
Exchanges matter, energy, info to maintain homeostasis.
Intensive variables — examples?
Pressure, temperature, potential.
Extensive variables — examples?
Volume, moles, total energy.
First law — equation?
dU = dQ + dW, energy conserved.
Cell metabolism — law?
Follows first law; energy transforms, conserved.
Electrochemical potential — driver?
Ion movement across membranes.
Flux coupling — concept?
Interconnected transfer of matter, energy, info.
Fick's first law — describes?
Diffusion flux proportional to concentration gradient.
Fick's second law — describes?
Change in concentration over time.
Water movement — driven by?
Osmotic and hydrostatic pressures.
Osmosis — movement?
Water across semi-permeable membrane, low to high solute.
Electrolyte diffusion — equilibrium?
Net ionic flux zero at equilibrium potential.
Membrane permeability — depends on?
Membrane structure and molecule properties.
Ion channels — properties?
Selective, gated, conduct ionic currents.
Active transport — energy?
Requires energy input, moves against gradient.
Primary active transport — example?
Ca2+-ATPase, proton pump.
Epithelial transport — mechanisms?
Passive diffusion, facilitated, active, co-transport.
Answer 10 questions on Cellular Transport and Thermodynamics.
1. What is an open thermodynamic system?
2. Who initially conceptualized the cell as an open thermodynamic system in the 1960s?
Go over the full study guide for Cellular Transport and Thermodynamics.
Read the study guide →Physiologie
Physiologie
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