What facilitates gas exchange between an animal’s internal and external environments?
Exchange surfaces such as spiracles, gills, alveoli, and skin.
What circulates through an open circulatory system and bathes its internal tissues?
Haemolymph.
How does an open circulatory system compare with a closed system in operating energy and blood delivery?
It requires less energy but moves less blood to metabolically active, high-oxygen tissues.
What keeps blood separate from body tissues in a closed circulatory system?
Blood remains enclosed within blood vessels.
What pumps blood through a closed circulatory system?
A heart.
What pressure generally characterizes a closed system compared with an open system?
Higher pressure.
How many chambers do most mammals' hearts have?
Four chambers.
What do most mammals' hearts separate?
Oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood.
How many chambers does a fish's heart have?
Two chambers.
Where does a fish's heart send blood for oxygenation?
To the gills.
After fish blood passes through the gills, where is it pumped?
Throughout the body.
How many chambers do amphibians' hearts have?
Three chambers.
What happens to blood in an amphibian's heart before it is pumped to the body?
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix.
What fluid circulates through insects’ bodies and bathes their internal tissues?
Haemolymph.
What fluid property is attributed to insect haemolymph?
It is heterogeneous.
What does blood in a closed circulatory system not fill?
Body cavities.
Which two systems do many vertebrates, including humans, have?
A cardiovascular system and a secondary lymphatic system.
Which animal illustrates the larger size typical of animals with closed systems?
An elephant compared with a grasshopper.
What can a closed circulatory system transport to extremities?
Blood.
How does blood pressure in a closed system compare when blood reaches extremities?
It remains higher than in an open system.
Answer 9 questions on Circulatory Systems in Animals.
1. Which structures can facilitate gas exchange between an animal’s internal and external environments?
2. A biologist identifies a structure that enables gases to pass between an animal’s body and its surroundings. Which finding is an example of such a gas-exchange surface?
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