Heart location — mediastinum?
Heart resides in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.
Apex beat — position?
Located in the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
Base of the Heart — formed by?
Primarily by the left atrium.
Anterior surface — formed by?
Mainly by the right ventricle and atrium.
Diaphragmatic surface — formed by?
Both ventricles resting on the diaphragm.
Right pulmonary surface — mainly?
Formed mainly by the right atrium.
Left pulmonary surface — mainly?
Formed mainly by the left ventricle.
Pericardium layers — two?
Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.
Heart wall layers — three?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium.
Heart valve types — two?
Atrioventricular and semilunar valves.
AV valves — anchored by?
Chordae tendineae attached to papillary muscles.
Semilunar valves — function?
Prevent backflow into ventricles after systole.
Conduction system — main components?
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers.
Blood vessel histology — layers?
Tunica intima, media, externa.
Answer 7 questions on Heart Anatomy and Function.
1. How does the location of the apex beat differ from the position of the base of the heart?
2. Who is credited with discovering the sinoatrial node as the heart's natural pacemaker?
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