Sterilization — definition?
Kills all microorganisms, including spores.
Sterilization methods — classification?
Physical and chemical methods.
Dry heat sterilization — method?
Uses hot air or flame to kill microbes.
Moist heat sterilization — method?
Uses steam under pressure, e.g., autoclaving.
Physical sterilization techniques — examples?
Heat, radiation, filtration.
Moist heat methods — example?
Autoclaving at 121°C.
Dry heat methods — example?
Hot air oven at 160–170°C.
Autoclaving — temperature?
121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes.
Pasteurization — purpose?
Reduces pathogens in liquids.
Tyndallization — process?
Intermittent heating over 3 days.
Incineration — use?
Burning waste to ash.
Flaming — application?
Sterilize small heat-resistant instruments.
Biological indicators — example?
Bacillus atrophaeus spores for dry heat.
Sterilization vs disinfection?
Sterilization kills all, disinfection reduces microbes.
Answer 7 questions on Sterilization Techniques and Principles.
1. What does moist heat sterilization primarily refer to in microbial control?
2. What is the primary effect of dry heat sterilization on microorganisms?
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