Understanding Adverse Drug Reactions and Susceptibility

📋 Course Outline

1. Adverse Drug Reactions & Definitions
2. ADR & Pharmacological Mechanism
3. Side Effects & Pharmacological Properties
4. ADR & Adverse Drug Event
5. Epidemiology & Incidence
6. Classification & ADR Types
7. Factors & Susceptibility
8. Genetics & Drug Response
9. Immunological & Allergic Reactions
10. Causality & Assessment Methods

📖 1. Adverse Drug Reactions & Definitions

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR): A noxious, unintended response to a drug occurring at normal doses used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy, without needing to prove a pharmacological mechanism (WHO definition).
• Side Effect: An unintended effect related to a drug's pharmacological properties, which can sometimes be beneficial or neutral, distinct from ADR.
• Adverse Drug Event (ADE): An adverse outcome after drug use, which may or may not be causally linked to the drug; all ADRs are ADEs, but not all ADEs are ADRs.
• Types of ADRs (Rawlins-Thompson Classification):
  • Type A: Predictable, dose-dependent, common, and preventable (e.g., bradycardia from β-blockers).
  • Type B: Unpredictable, not dose-dependent, often serious (e.g., allergic reactions).
  • Type C: Dose and time-related, related to cumulative dose (e.g., adrenal suppression by corticosteroids).
  • Type D: Delayed effects, occurring some time after drug use (e.g., carcinogenesis).
  • Type E: Occur after withdrawal of the drug…