Double helix: The structural form of DNA, characterized by two strands wound around each other in a spiral, as described by Watson and Crick (1953). This configuration provides stability and allows for efficient storage of genetic information.
DNA packaging in chromosomes: The process by which DNA is compacted to fit within the cell nucleus. DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which further coil and fold to create chromosomes, enabling organized and efficient genetic material management.
3‘- and 5‘- ends orientation: The directionality of DNA strands, where the 3‘-end has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the third carbon of the sugar, and the 5‘-end has a phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon. This orientation is crucial for DNA replication and transcription processes.
1. What is the structural form of DNA as described by Watson and Crick?
2. How many different nucleotides are found in DNA?
3. What is the primary role of DNA replication in the cell?
DNA double helix — structure?
Two strands wound in a spiral.
DNA packaging — process?
DNA wraps around histones to form chromosomes.
3‘- and 5‘- ends — orientation?
Determine DNA strand directionality and replication.
Nucleotides — basic units?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base.
DNA bases — four types?
A, T, C, G.
Sugar in DNA — component?
Deoxyribose.
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