1. A student’s confidence affects how often she practices; practice changes her skill, and her improved skill earns supportive feedback that boosts her confidence. Which framework best describes this pattern?
2. A theory of learning explains how people learn by observing others and also considers how their beliefs, expectations, and self-perceptions shape learning and motivation. Which theory is being described?
3. A child watches an older sibling calmly handle a frightening dog and then becomes less fearful herself. What is this change called?
What can modeling change in an observer?
Behavior, thinking, or emotions.
What factors did social cognitive theory add to social learning theory?
Cognitive factors such as beliefs, self-perceptions, and expectations.
How does triadic reciprocal causality explain human functioning?
As dynamic interaction among personal, environmental, and behavioral influences.
Which factors influence observational learning?
Developmental status, model prestige and competence, vicarious consequences, outcome expectations, goal setting, values, and self-efficacy.
Which four elements of observational learning did Bandura identify, and in what work?
Attention, retention, production, and motivation; *Social Foundations of Thought and Action* (1986).
How can observational learning affect performance without immediate behavior?
A person may acquire a behavior by watching a model but delay performing it until motivated or incentivized.
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