By what means are statements known?
By reason, testing, revelation, or definition.
What three categories divide what is known by reason?
What must be, what cannot be, and what may be or not be.
When does a person become responsible, and what indicates maturity?
Upon attaining sanity and maturity, indicated by the listed signs or age eighteen.
What does Islam involve in a person?
What a person does with the bodily parts.
Where do believers hold Iman?
In their minds and hearts.
How does Ihsan describe worshipping Allah?
Worshipping Allah as if seeing Him, while knowing He sees the worshipper.
What are Islam’s five pillars?
Testimony, prayer, almsgiving, fasting in Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Makkah.
What beliefs does Iman include?
Belief in Allah, His books, messengers, angels, death, the questioning angels, the intermediate world, resurrection, judgment, deeds, the bridge, the Prophet’s river and lake, Paradise, Hell, and destiny.
What do legal rulings prescribe regarding actions under Islamic law?
They prescribe an act, prohibit it, allow a choice, or establish a cause, condition, or prevention.
Which five categories make up the legal rulings?
Wajib, mandub, mubah, makruh, and haram.
What characterizes a wajib act and its consequences?
It must be done without excuse; doing it is rewarded, while leaving it risks punishment.
What characterizes a mandub act and its consequences?
It is recommended; performing it is expected to be rewarded, while omitting it is not punished.
What are the consequences of doing or leaving a mubah act?
Either choice brings no reward or punishment.
What are the consequences of doing or leaving a makruh act?
Leaving it is rewarded, while doing it is not punished.
What are the consequences of doing or leaving a haram act?
Doing it risks punishment, while leaving it is rewarded.
Which animal secretions are considered pure?
Saliva, mucus, and sweat.
Which substances and bodily discharges are impure?
Human urine and feces, pig products, dead-animal remains, untanned skin, seminal and post-urine fluids, severed body parts, much blood, pus, rotten vomit, and intoxicants.
When can changed water not be used for purification?
When red powder, milk, mustard, white vinegar, or lemon juice changes its color, smell, or taste.
Which acts are obligatory in ablution?
Intention, washing the face, arms to the elbows, and feet to the ankles, wiping the head, rubbing the washed parts, and maintaining continuity without letting them dry.
Which five prayers each have first and second times?
Subh, Dhuhr, `Asr, Maghrib, and `Isha'.
When does each of the five prayers begin?
Subh begins at dawn; Dhuhr after noon; `Asr when the post-noon shadow exceeds the object's length; Maghrib after sunset; and `Isha' when the red glow disappears.
When does the first time for each prayer end?
Subh ends when the stars still gleam; Dhuhr when the post-noon shadow exceeds the object's height; `Asr when the sun turns yellow; Maghrib soon after sunset; and `Isha' at the end of the night's first third.
What sequence of actions makes up a prayer unit?
After purification, purity, clothing, facing the Ka`bah, and intention, the worshipper says the opening takbir, recites al-Fatihah and Quran, bows, rises, prostrates twice with a sitting between, and completes the unit standing or sitting as appropriate.
How many units does each of the five prayers have?
Subh has two, Maghrib three, and Dhuhr, `Asr, and `Isha' four units each.
What four conditions are necessary for prayer?
Facing the Ka`bah, being pure, covering the body, and removing impurities from the body, clothes, and prayer place.
What actions are included among the obligatory actions of prayer?
Standing, the opening takbir with intention, standing for al-Fatihah, bowing, rising from bowing, prostrating, sitting between prostrations, sitting for salam, keeping the prescribed order, and maintaining straight postures with a brief pause.
What happens to prayer validity when fewer than three sunnahs are omitted?
Prayer validity is unaffected.
When may a traveller shorten a four-unit prayer?
When more than forty-eight miles from home and staying no more than four days.
What four acts are recommended during prayer, including the bowing recitation?
Raise the hands to shoulder height at the first takbir, say Amin quietly after al-Fatihah when not leading, bow with the back and legs straight, and say “Subhana Rabbiya l-‘Adim” three times.
What should a worshipper do if a stressed sunnah is missed?
Perform two prostrations before salam.
When should forgetfulness prostrations come after salam?
After accidentally adding actions or words to the prayer.
Which five daily prayers are obligatory for those responsible?
All five daily prayers.
When are men required to attend congregational prayer?
At the Friday prayer.
Which men are obligated to attend Friday prayer?
Able, free men who are not travelling or ill and live within four miles of the mosque.
How is a deceased person washed and shrouded?
Water is poured and rubbed from head to feet, preferably in three washes, then the body is dried and covered with simple shrouding cloth.
How many takbirs are used in the funeral prayer?
Four takbirs.
What is Zakat?
Obligatory almsgiving from surplus wealth.
When is crop zakat due?
At harvest.
What is the minimum harvest for crop zakat after processing?
609 dry litres.
What rate applies to money zakat?
2.5% of liquid assets.
What amount of staple food is due for each person as Zakat al-Fitr?
Two dry litres.
How many days can a lunar month have?
Twenty-nine or thirty days.
Who is obligated to fast during Ramadan?
Sane, healthy Muslims who are not travelling and, for the whole day, are free from bleeding.
When and what must a fasting person intend to abstain from?
At night, they intend to abstain from fasting-breaking acts from dawn until sunset and specify the type of fast.
Which metered poem underlies The Guiding Helper, and who composed it?
Sidi Ahmad ibn `Ali ibn `Abd al-Wahid ibn `Ashir composed it.
Which three subjects did Ibn `Ashir cover in separate books of his poem?
Islamic beliefs, Islamic law, and Islamic spirituality.
Which works underpin the poem’s books on beliefs, law, and spirituality?
The Mother of Proofs for the Tenets of Belief, The Concise Text, and The Letter of Qushayri.
What does Knowledge do to things in reality?
It informs about them without altering them.
What does knowledge by testing reveal, and who brings about its effects?
It reveals links between things; Allah brings about their effects.
What eventually happens to believers punished in Hell for unrepented disobedience?
Allah eventually raises them in rank.
How are wajib duties classified by who must perform them?
They are individual duties for each person or collective duties fulfilled by some group members.
What is the status of most other solid, liquid, and gaseous substances?
They are pure.
Which natural changes are exempt from the ruling on changed water?
Difficult-to-avoid changes caused by natural substances such as sulphur, salt, or moss.
What should be done with water changed by an impure substance?
It should be discarded.
What is the first step of wet ablution?
Intention.
Until when does the second time for each prayer last?
Subh lasts until sunrise; Dhuhr and `Asr until sunset; Maghrib and `Isha' until dawn.
Who may use the second prayer time, and what is waiting until then for most others?
It is for those whose intellect was absent, who fainted, slept, forgot, lacked water or a stone, or had bleeding continue until then; most others do wrong by waiting.
What does the worshipper recite before ending prayer with salam?
Greetings, testification, blessings for the Prophet, and supplications.
When does forgetting a prayer condition leave the prayer valid?
Forgetting or being unable to meet the first, third, or fourth condition does not invalidate the prayer.
What should someone who mistakenly prays in the wrong direction do?
The prayer remains valid; repeating it is recommended when possible within the second time.
When should followers perform their prayer actions relative to the imam?
Followers begin and finish their actions after the imam.
Which obligatory action are followers exempted from performing?
Reciting al-Fatihah.
How may someone unable to stand, bow, or prostrate perform prayer?
They may pray seated if unable to stand, or stand and gesture if unable to bow or prostrate, using a stronger gesture for prostration.
What should someone unable to recite al-Fatihah in Arabic do during prayer?
Pray behind another person and remain quiet or learn it.
What recitation is a sunnah while standing in the first two prayer units?
Quran recitation after al-Fatihah.
Which posture-change practice is a prayer sunnah?
Saying takbir at posture changes.
Which scholar is cited for the rules on forgetfulness prostrations and Quran recitation sunnahs?
Ibn Juzayy.
Which recitation-related practice is a sunnah that does not require forgetfulness prostrations?
Remaining silent during the imam's recitation.
When is group prayer for men considered sunnah?
When two or more men pray together.
When is calling people to prayer by adhan a strong sunnah?
For a group seeking more people for an obligatory prayer whose time has arrived.
During prostration, what is the order for placing and lifting the hands and knees?
Place the hands before the knees and lift them last when rising.
What should a worshipper recite three times while prostrating?
“Subhana Rabbiya l-A‘la.”
Which acts are disliked during obligatory prayer?
Saying “Bismillah” or “A‘udhu bi l-lah,” reciting Quran while bowing or prostrating, or asking Allah for things while reciting or bowing.
Which physical habits are disliked during prayer?
Playing with the hands, turning the head, cracking knuckles, interlacing fingers, closing the eyes, or placing the hands on the waist.
What is the sequence of the forgetfulness prostration?
Say “Allahu Akbar,” prostrate, sit upright, say “Allahu Akbar,” prostrate again, sit up, testify, and end with salam.
When is Witr prayed, and how many units does it contain?
After ‘Isha’; it consists of one unit.
When is the ‘Id prayer performed?
In a group before noon.
When is Friday prayer performed, and which prayer does it replace that day?
After high noon and before sunset; it excuses performers from Dhuhr that day.
In the described fear prayer, what does the second half do after joining the imam?
It makes up the portion it missed.
When enemies make congregational prayer impossible, how does each person pray?
Alone, even while facing the troops.
Who may wash a deceased person?
People of the same sex may wash the deceased, and spouses may wash one another.
For whom is the funeral prayer not performed?
It is not performed for a non-screaming stillborn child, a war martyr, or a deceased person whose body is absent.
What grave depth prevents animals from smelling the corpse?
A grave deep enough to prevent animals from smelling the corpse.
Which grave shape is preferred in hard earth?
An L-shaped grave.
What mourning acts are unlawful at a death?
Slapping cheeks, ripping pockets, and wailing are unlawful.
What expression of grief is permitted at a death?
Crying is permitted.
Which crops and produce are listed as zakat-bearing?
Wheat, barley, millet, rice, corn, peas, lentils, beans, sesame, safflower, red radish seeds, olive oil, dates, and grapes.
Which recipients may receive Zakat?
The poor, debtors, stranded travellers, those fighting for Allah’s cause, zakat collectors and managers, and new Muslims and non-Muslims whose hearts are sought.
When may Zakat al-Fitr be paid, and what happens if payment is missed?
It may be paid from two days before ‘Id until after ‘Id; missed payment remains due for life.
What expiation is required for deliberately breaking a Ramadan fast?
Fasting two consecutive months or feeding sixty poor people.
What must be done if missed Ramadan fasts remain after the next Ramadan begins?
Make up the fasts and feed one poor person for each missed day.
On which days is fasting prohibited?
The two ‘Id days and the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhu l-Hijjah.
What is I‘tikaf?
A voluntary mosque retreat involving fasting and worship, intended for at least a day and a night.
What invalidates I‘tikaf?
Breaking the fast, caressing or kissing, or leaving the mosque without need.
Answer 58 questions on The Guiding Helper: Belief and Worship.
1. A person learns one fact through reasoning, another by testing it, and a third through revelation and definition. How are these ways of knowing distinguished?
2. A claim is classified as something that may either be true or not be true. Which category of what is known by reason does it belong to?
Go over the full study guide for The Guiding Helper: Belief and Worship.
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