Biomolecules: Organic molecules essential for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, that perform structural, enzymatic, and regulatory functions in cells.
Amino Acids: Organic compounds with an amino group (-NH₂) and a carboxyl group (-COOH); building blocks of proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids, classified as essential (must be obtained from diet) or non-essential.
Enzymes: Biological catalysts, predominantly proteins, that accelerate chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed. They exhibit specificity for substrates and are regulated via various mechanisms.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy currency of the cell, consisting of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. Energy is released upon hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds to power cellular processes.
Metabolic Pathways: Series of interconnected chemical reactions within a cell, categorized into catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (biosynthetic) pathways, which maintain energy flow and molecular synthesis.
1. What are biomolecules?
2. What is the primary structure of a protein?
3. What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?
Biomolecules — definition?
Organic molecules essential for life functions.
Protein structure levels — order?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.
Enzyme function — role?
Speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
Biomolecules — definition?
Organic molecules essential for life.
Amino Acids — building blocks?
Form proteins via peptide bonds.
Enzymes — role?
Catalyze reactions, lower activation energy.
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