Double Helix: The three-dimensional structure of DNA, consisting of two complementary strands twisted into a spiral staircase. Discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953.
Nucleotides: The building blocks of DNA, composed of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
Base Pairing Rules: Specific hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases—Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
Antiparallel Strands: The two DNA strands run in opposite directions, one 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5', essential for replication and transcription.
Complementary Strands: Each DNA strand can serve as a template for the synthesis of its partner, due to specific base pairing.
1. What is the structure of DNA primarily characterized as?
2. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication?
3. What is the primary function of RNA transcription in the cell?
DNA double helix — structure?
Two complementary strands twisted into a spiral.
DNA replication — enzyme?
DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands.
RNA transcription — process?
DNA is copied into RNA by RNA polymerase.
Double Helix — structure?
Two complementary strands twisted into a spiral.
Nucleotides — components?
Phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogenous base.
Base Pairing Rules?
A with T, C with G.
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