System types — examples?
Open, closed, isolated systems
ΔG — sign for spontaneous?
Negative ΔG indicates spontaneity
Bioenergetics — focus?
Energy exchange, transformation, thermodynamics in biology
Life's energy processes?
Extraction, transformation, dissipation.
Open vs closed systems?
Open: matter and energy exchange.
First law of thermodynamics?
Energy conserved; ΔU = Q + W.
Enthalpy (H)?
Heat exchange at constant pressure.
Spontaneous reaction condition?
ΔG < 0.
Entropy (S)?
Disorder measure, increases spontaneously.
Gibbs free energy (G)?
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS; reaction spontaneity.
Answer 9 questions on Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics in Biology.
1. According to the second law of thermodynamics, what is the trend of entropy in the universe?
2. What is the primary focus of bioenergetics within cellular metabolism?
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