★ Must-know
📌 In alkaline solution, the free pseudoaldehydic or pseudoketonic functions of oses reduce copper salts in Fehling’s solution, converting blue Cu2+ into brick-red Cu2O.
Further detail
Carbonyl reduction → polyol formation
📌 The hydroxyl functions of oses react with acids to form ester or phosphoester functions.
1. What occurs when the free pseudoaldehydic or pseudoketonic function of an ose reacts with Fehling’s solution in alkaline conditions?
2. What product results when an ose carbonyl group undergoes chemical reduction?
3. Which ose functional group participates directly in esterification with an acid?
What happens to Cu2+ in Fehling's solution with oses in alkaline solution?
Cu2+ is reduced to brick-red Cu2O.
What does reduction of an ose carbonyl group produce?
It produces a polyol by converting the aldehyde or ketone into an alcohol.
What do hydroxyl functions of oses react with to form esters?
Acids
Which enzymes phosphorylate D-glucose in the first glycolysis step?
Hexokinase or glucokinase
What is an osamine?
An ose with the C2 hydroxyl replaced by an NH2 group
What is glycation in biochemical terms?
The association of a reducing sugar with a primary amine forming an imine via Maillard reaction.
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