Foundations of Chemistry: Principles and Applications

📋 Course Outline

1. Atomic structure
2. Periodic table
3. Bonding and properties
4. Quantitative chemistry
5. Chemical changes
6. Energy changes
7. Reaction rates
8. Organic chemistry
9. Chemical analysis
10. Atmospheric chemistry
11. Resource utilization
12. Key ideas in chemistry

📖 1. Atomic structure

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Atom: The smallest unit of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Nucleus: The dense, positively charged center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
• Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus; defines the atomic number.
• Neutron: A neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus that contributes to atomic mass.
• Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus in energy levels.
• Atomic number (Z): The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; uniquely identifies an element.
• Mass number (A): The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

📝 Essential Points